Compound Interest Calculator

See how an initial amount plus steady monthly deposits grows over time, and how much of the final balance is pure compound growth rather than your own money.

Adjustable compounding frequency, optional inflation view, and a year-by-year breakdown

$

The amount you start with today.

$

Added at the end of each month.

7%
0%15%

The long-run U.S. stock market average is around 7% after inflation, 10% before.

How often interest is added to the balance. More frequent compounding grows slightly faster.

30 years
150
0%
0%6%

Set above 0% to also see your future balance in today's dollars.

Future value

$0

You Contributed

$0

your own deposits

Interest Earned

$0

compound growth

Growth Share

0%

Money doubles every 0 years

Why it accelerates: early on, most of your balance is money you deposited. Over time, interest earns interest of its own, so the green growth band pulls away from your contributions. The longer the horizon, the more lopsided it gets.

View year-by-year breakdown
Year Contributions Interest Balance

Contributions vs compound growth

The lower band is the money you put in. The upper band is interest. Watch growth overtake contributions as the years add up.

Projected values are estimates and are not guaranteed. Actual results will vary.

By Ryan England Last Updated:

The basics

How compound interest works

Interest earns interest

With simple interest you earn only on your principal. With compounding, each period's gains are added to the balance and then earn gains of their own. That feedback loop is the whole engine.

Time is the biggest lever

Compounding is slow at first and steep later. The last ten years of a long horizon usually add more than the first twenty. Starting early beats contributing more later.

Contributions feed it

Every monthly deposit starts its own compounding clock. Steady contributions, even modest ones, often matter more than chasing a slightly higher rate.

Rate matters, exponentially

A few extra percentage points compound into a very different result over decades. But higher expected returns come with more risk, so the rate you assume should match the investments you actually hold.

Frequency helps a little

Compounding daily instead of annually nudges your effective rate up slightly. It is real, but small next to time, rate, and how much you contribute.

Inflation is the quiet drag

A big future number buys less than it appears. Viewing your balance in today's dollars keeps your goals grounded in real purchasing power.

Put it to work

Compounding in a retirement account

Compound interest is the reason tax-advantaged retirement accounts are so powerful. Inside a 401(k) or Roth IRA, your gains are not taxed each year, so the full balance keeps compounding instead of leaking to taxes along the way. That uninterrupted compounding, stretched over a working lifetime, is what turns steady contributions into a retirement-sized number.

The same math also shows why fees and early withdrawals hurt so much. A single percentage point of annual fees does not just cost you 1% once; it removes that money from every future round of compounding. Pulling money out early does the same thing in reverse, ending the compounding on whatever you withdraw.

Use this calculator to build intuition, then see it in a real account: the 401(k) and Roth IRA calculators apply the same compounding to actual contribution limits, employer matches, and tax treatment.

Common questions

What is compound interest?
Compound interest is interest earned on both your original money and the interest it has already earned. Simple interest pays only on your principal, but compounding reinvests each period's gains so they earn gains of their own. Over a long horizon this snowball effect does most of the heavy lifting: in a typical 30-year projection, the majority of the final balance comes from compound growth rather than the deposits you made.
How is compound interest calculated?
The core formula is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where P is your principal, r is the annual rate, n is how many times a year interest compounds, and t is the number of years. When you also add a regular contribution, each deposit starts its own compounding clock, so the calculator above simulates the balance month by month to combine your initial amount, your monthly deposits, and the compounding frequency you choose (Investor.gov compound interest calculator).
Does compounding frequency really matter?
It matters, but less than most people expect. Compounding more often, daily instead of annually for example, raises the effective annual rate slightly because interest starts earning interest sooner. At 7%, daily compounding produces an effective rate near 7.25% versus 7.00% for annual. On a long horizon that gap adds up, but it is far smaller than the effect of your rate, your contribution, or your time horizon.
What is the Rule of 72?
The Rule of 72 is a mental-math shortcut for doubling time: divide 72 by your annual rate to estimate how many years it takes your money to double. At 8% your money doubles roughly every 9 years; at 6%, every 12 years. It is an approximation, not exact, but it is close enough to build intuition about how rate and time interact. The calculator shows your doubling time automatically.
How does inflation affect my results?
Inflation does not change how your balance grows, but it changes what that balance can buy. A $1,000,000 future value sounds large, but after 30 years of 3% inflation it has the purchasing power of roughly $412,000 today. Turn on the inflation rate in the calculator to see your result in today's dollars. For retirement planning, the real (inflation-adjusted) figure is usually the more honest number to plan around.
How much will $500 a month become?
It depends on your rate and time horizon, but the numbers are striking. Investing $500 a month at a 7% return, with no starting balance, grows to about $610,000 over 30 years, of which roughly $430,000 is compound growth and only $180,000 is money you deposited. Stretch it to 40 years and the same $500 a month grows past $1.3 million. Time is the most powerful input in the formula.